Balanced literacy programs include which of the following?

• A. Only phonics
• B. Only whole language
• C. Both phonics and whole language approaches
• D. None of the above

Answer: (C)

Balanced literacy blends explicit decoding instruction with rich, meaning-based reading and writing experiences. It supports students by teaching phonics and word study to help them figure out unfamiliar words, while also providing guided and independent reading, shared reading, and writing activities that build comprehension, vocabulary, and engagement with texts. The goal is to develop both the ability to decode and the ability to understand and enjoy what they read. So, balanced literacy includes both phonics and whole language elements. Focusing only on decoding misses the importance of understanding and interacting with texts, and focusing only on meaning-based approaches misses systematic word-recognition practice.