Which statement best describes how fluency assessment is described?

• A. It uses individual assessments like checklists or running records.
• B. It is based solely on vocabulary knowledge.
• C. It relies on standardized math tests.
• D. It ignores accuracy and relies only on rate.

Answer: (A)

Fluency assessment in reading looks at how smoothly a student reads, combining rate, accuracy, and expression. Teachers typically gather this information with one-on-one tools such as running records and checklists, which let them observe a student's reading aloud, note errors and self-corrections, and track progress over time. A running record provides concrete counts like words correct per minute and the types of miscues, while a checklist can document behaviors that reflect fluency development. Because fluency is about more than just speed or any single metric, using these individual, descriptive assessments gives a fuller picture of a student's fluency. The other options don’t fit because vocabulary knowledge alone doesn’t measure fluency, standardized math tests assess math skills rather than reading fluency, and focusing only on rate ignores the need for accuracy and expression that fluency requires.